Talk about India’s achievement in cricket and one cannot help mentioning the name Sachin Tendulkar, while Mukesh Ambani’s mention is inevitable when talking about India’s energy sector or Reliance’s strategic backward integration. Both are eminent personalities, who have crossed paths many a times, the most recent example being, the presence of Sachin Tendulkar at the ceremony wherein Mukesh Ambani was honored with a Dean’s Medal from the University of Pennsylvania in Mumbai. Sachin Tendulkar also happens to be a part of the cricket team ‘Mumbai Indians’, which is owned by Reliance Industries Ltd. through its wholly owned subsidiary IndiaWin Sports.
Just as Sachin Tendulkar’s contributions to the field of cricket have helped shape India’s reputation in the world of sports, so has Mukesh Ambani’s contributions to Reliance Industries and its key strategy of backward integration helped put India on the corporate map of the world. While Sachin Tendulkar has won millions of hearts with his indisputable cricket skills, Mukesh Ambani has grabbed attention for commissioning gas production from one of the world’s largest deepwater gas projects in a record of six and a half years in the Krishna-Godavari basin. Natural gas production has been commissioned from the Krishna-Godavari D6 Block in record time as against the world’s average of 9-10 years for similar facilities.
While Sachin Tendulkar completed 20 years of his career in international cricket in 2009, Mukesh Ambani was ranked as the richest man in India according to the Forbes annual rich list. 2009 was also special for the CMD of Reliance Industries as the design capacity assessment for the KG-D6 block was completed, which currently produces 60 million standard cubic metres of gas. Both the masters had an early start in their respective careers. While the ‘little master’ had an early beginning at the age of 16 in Test match cricket in 1989, Mukesh Ambani joined Reliance Group in 1981 to assist his father Dhirubhai Ambani. Sachin Tendulkar then went on to make and break numerous records including being the only player to be featured in the top 10 ICC rankings for 10 years.
Sachin Tendulkar is the only player to take 150 wickets and score more than 15,000 runs in ODIs, and to take 40 wickets and score more than 11,000 runs in Test cricket. Sachin Tendulkar is also the only batsman to have 100 hundreds to his credit in first class cricket. On the other hand Mukesh Ambani is the only Indian who can be credited for the strategic application of backward integration in business that took Reliance from textiles to into fibers, petrochemicals, petroleum refining and most recently oil and gas exploration and production. While the ‘master blaster’ has led the Indian cricket team on various occasions, Mukesh Ambani has successfully led Reliance which is now a global leader in polyester, petrochemicals and refining, and not to mention the world’s largest petroleum refinery complex at Jamnagar.
Both champions have made the nation proud on national as well as international fronts. Mukesh Ambani’s efforts and leadership was recognized by the Honorable Prime Minister Manmohan Singh when he bestowed with the first NDTV Profit Global Indian Leader award and the Economic Times’ Business Leader of the year award in 2006. He has also been honored by the Defence India Excellence Award in 2007 and the Indian of the Year Award by NDTV for his contributions towards the betterment of the nation. Sachin Tendulkar too has been honored and recognized for his achievements on the sports front by being the only cricketer to be bestowed with the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna (India’s highest honor in sports), the Arjuna Award and Padma Shri by the Government of India.
To find New York office space easily is almost like a dream because you might not even know how and where to start. The number of options that you will be faced with are actually endless. However there are a few things that you should consider before you rent some New York office space. For example if you are a new start up business you should first consider Shared office space NYC before you try to rent New York office space that is expensive and one that might not be within your company’s budget. With shared office space NYC you will have the option of spending a lot less on your office’s accommodations. However you must make sure that even though you may use shared office space NYC you should also have all the amenities and requirements that would be needed by your company. You will find several realtors who will be able to help you with such New York office space, and most also make sure that all your office requirements are met even though the space might be shared by other businesses as well. as your company grows you can rent a separate New York office space for your company.
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is shocked and outraged by the reports broadcast on Thursday, first by TV5 and later by a few other Telugu television channels, which attempted to link us with the most tragic death of former Chief Minister Dr.Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy.
Reliance Industries strongly condemns and unequivocally refutes all the allegations with the contempt they deserve. The unsubstantiated, malicious and motivated reports are utter rubbish, without an iota of truth in them. That the news channels sensationalized a speculative story appearing on a little-known foreign website of dubious credentials, without crosschecking with us, betrays their mala fide intentions.
This is further evident from the sudden, pre-meditated, organized and well-coordinated attacks on RIL’s various installations and properties across the State that ensued within minutes of the first news broadcast. These orchestrated criminal acts have caused extensive damage to our properties. Worse, some of our personnel and valued customers have been injured in the mindless violence. All this has been done in cahoots with our business rivals.
Reliance Industries will proceed legally against TV5 for deliberately telecasting a false report, which has tarnished our reputation, harmed our customers, and caused us business losses. We demand that the Central and State governments conduct a thorough inquiry into the synchronized criminality of the news channel and the perpetrators of violence against Reliance Industries. The culprits must be brought to justice.
Reliance Industries is a law-abiding corporate citizen. We have cordial relations with all the stakeholders in the state, including leaders of all the political parties. We fondly recall our association with the late Chief Minister Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy. Thanks to his active support, several of our business initiatives in Andhra Pradesh took off and RIL rapidly expanded its footprint across the State. Our significant investments in Andhra Pradesh have benefited both the State and the nation. Today we are one of the biggest private sector employers, providing direct and indirect employment to more than 10,000 people in the State.
We deeply regret inconvenience caused to our customers in the State following the disruption of our business activities. We sympathise with, and sincerely apologize to, our customers.
Payday advances provide you with an unsecured, short-term cash advance until the arrival of your next paycheck. People acquire payday loans in order to pay for the little, unexpected expenses while avoiding the risk of having to pay fee incurred with bounced-checks and late payment penalties that come with credit cards.
With payday loan providers, you can apply for fast payday loans via various media including the World Wide Web and then have your cash advance electronically credited to your savings or checking account. A checking account is usually preferred by the lenders.
The qualifications for a payday loan
Qualifying for a payday loan is a whole lot easier than having to qualify when applying for traditional credit. Unlike credit applications, your employment and your monthly wage act as your collateral. Just be sure that you meet the requirements of fast payday loans lenders. First, you need to have a job or at least receive a regular income with a minimum of a thousand dollars per month. You must be eighteen years of age or older and a US citizen. You must have access to a checking account or savings account with direct deposit.
Amount of time needed for these applications
The time it takes for these applications would depend on the lender but often fast cash advance are approved within the hour. After approving youy application, the payday loan provider would then deposit the money into your account and you would then be able to access the money immediately. Some even provide one hour loan approvals.
Payday loans are often taken by people with bad credit histories
It is common that customers of payday loans typically have sub prime credit whenever they apply for a cash advance loan. Anyone who has had a history of bankruptcies, foreclosures or anything related to downgraded credit rating is still eligible to apply for a payday loan. In fact, no credit checks are conducted by most cash advance providers.
High risks?
People assume that payday loans are very risky. This would only be true if you do not seek out a proper loan provider. The best solution to lower your risks is to do the research. Everything has its risks, especially financial matters but it doesn’t mean you can not raise your chances.
First, get quotations from various lenders and find who provides the best rates. Be sure to ask what the additional fees are and factor these in when you are computing for your payments. Take into account the payment scheme as this will enable you to manage your finances properly.
Let it be noted that you should not pay for added costs when you pay in advance. Find out if the payday loan provider adheres to your states lending laws and regulations. You can ask the Better Business Bureau as well if there are any filed complaints reported by the lender’s customers. You can contact the Better Business Bureau at 1 (703) 2760100 or through their website at www.bbb.org on how to receive the information that you need. Don’t be afraid! Get fast payday loans to help you with your needs now.
There is no need to worry about the budget requirement to undertake the developmental activity of the work. Money is essential for any business and it requires be borrowing and paying in stipulated duration of time. Mortgage Finder will provide you with the valuable amount of the information to come out from the dilemma about selection of Mortgage Brokers. The developmental activity of the home can be made very easy as never before. This is because of the incorporation of the various types of the mortgaging techniques to establish the requirements of the person looking for the option of giving a facelift to the home. Free Mortgage Advice is known to be helping in the various steps that are necessary for the successful selection of the appropriate type of the mortgage plans. There will be no money charge for the process of the initial consultation. Only if the person is convinced about the actions of the person, then some moderate amount of the money will be charged. Also it facilitates in the best interests of the people to search for the correct plan to suit the various requirements of the people in a various different manners. They will analyze the various options to get the best one.
Option is a legal agreement between buyer and seller to buy or sell security at an agreed price in a certain period of time. It is quite similar to insurance that you pay an amount of money in order that your property is protected by the insurance company. The difference between these two is option can be traded whereas, insurance policy cannot be traded. There are two types of option contracts; call options and put options. We buy call option when we expect the security price will go up and buy put option when we expect the security price will go down. We also can sell call option if we expect the security price will go down and vice versa if we sell put option. Usually, option is counted by contract, one contract equivalent to 100 unit options. 1 unit option protects 1 unit share. So, one contract protects 100 unit shares.
Before learning how to trade option, terminologies that you need to know are as follow:
a) Strike price: Strike price is the price that is agreed by both buyer and seller of the option to deal with. That means if the strike price of the call option is 35, seller of this option obligates to sell security at this price to the buyer of this option even though the market price of the security is higher than 35 if the buyer exercises the option. Buyer of this option can buy a security with a price that is lower than the market price. If the current market price is $39, the buyer will earn $4. If the security price is lower than the strike price, buyer will hold the option and leave the option to expire worthless. For put option strike price, buyer of the option has the right to sell the security at the strike price to the seller of the option. That means if the put option strike price is 30, seller of this option obligates to buy the security at this price from the buyer if he or she exercises the option even though the market price is lower than this price. If the market is $25, the option buyer will earn $5. It looks like a lot of transactions have been involved; but actually, seller of the option will not buy a security and sell it to the buyer. The broker firm will do all the transaction but the extra money that has used to buy the security has to be paid by the seller. This means, if the seller loss $4, the buyer will earn $4.
b) Out of the money, in the money and near/at the money option: Option price comprises of time value and intrinsic price.
Time Value + Intrinsic Value = Option Price
Time value is the amount of money that the option worth due to the time the option has until its expiration date. Longer the time the option has until its expiration date, higher the time value of this option. Time value of an option will become zero if the option has expired. Intrinsic value for in the money call option is the difference between current market security price and option strike price. Conversely, in the money put option’s intrinsic value is the difference between option strike price and current market security price. If the current security price is lower than the call option strike price, this option is an out of the money option. It only has time value. Call option with strike price that is lower than the current market security price is an in the money option. This option has time value and also intrinsic value. Near or at the money option is the option, which strike price is close to the current market security price.
c) Delta value: Delta value shows the amount of the option price will change when the security price changes by $1.00. It is a positive value for call option and negative value for put option. It ranges from 0.1 to 1.0. Delta value for in the money option is more than 0.5 and out of the money option is less than 0.5. Delta value for deep in the money option usually is more than 0.9. If the option delta value is 0.6, meaning that when the security price goes up $1, option price will go up $0.60. If the security price goes up $0.10, the option price will goes up $0.06. Usually, $0.06 will round up to $0.10.
d) Theta value: Theta value is a negative value, which shows the decay of the option time value. Option, which has longer time to expiry, has lower absolute theta value than option, which has shorter time to expiry. High absolute theta value means the option time value decays more than the low absolute theta value option. A theta value of -0.0188 means that the option will lose $0.0188 in its premium after passage of seven days. Options with a low absolute theta value are more preferable for purchase than those with high absolute theta value.
e) Gamma value: Gamma value shows the change of the delta value of an option when the security price increases or decreases. For an example, gamma value of 0.03 indicates that the delta value of this option will increase 0.03 when the security price goes up $1. Option, which has longer time to expiry, has lower value of gamma than option, which has shorter time to expiry. The gamma value also changes significantly when the security price moves near the option strike price.
f) Vega value: Vega value shows the change of the value of option for one percent increase in implied volatility. This value is always positive. Near the money option has higher vega value compared to in the money and out of the money option. Option, which has longer time to expiry, has higher vega value than the option, which has shorter time to expiry. Since vega value measures the sensitivity of the option to the change of the security volatility, higher vega value options are more preferable for purchase than those with low vega value.
g) Implied volatility: Implied volatility is a theoretical value, which is used to represent the volatility of a security price. It is calculated by substituting actual option price, security price, option strike price and the option expiration date into the Black-Scholes equation. Options with a high volatility stocks are cost more than those with low volatility. This is because high volatility stock option has a greater chance to become in the money option before its expiration date. Most purchasers prefer high volatility stock options than the low volatility stock options.
Actually, there are twenty-one option trading strategies, which most of the option investors and traders use in their daily trading. However, I’m only introducing ten strategies as follow:
a) Naked call or put
b) Call or put spread
c) Straddle
d) Strangle
e) Covered call
f) Collar
g) Condor
h) Combo
i) Butterfly spread
j) Calender spread
Naked call and put meaning buy call and put option only at the strike price, which is close to the market security price. When the security price goes up, the profit is the subtracting of the security price to the strike price if you buy call and the reverse if you buy put.
Call and put spread is established by buying in the money or near the money option and selling out of the money option. When the security price goes up, in the money call option that you buy will generate profit and the out of the money option that you sell will loss money. However, due to the difference of the delta value, when the security price goes up, in the money call option price goes up with a higher rate compared to the out of the money call option. When you deduce the profit from the loss, you still earn money. The purpose of selling the out of the money option is to protect the depreciation of time value of in the money call option, if the security price goes down. However, if the security price continuously goes down, this will cause an unlimited loss. Therefore, stop loss has to be set at certain level. This strategy also has a maximum profit that is when security price has crossed over in the money option strike price.
Straddle can earn money no matter the security price goes up or down. This strategy is established by buying near the money call and put option at the same strike price. The disadvantage of this strategy is the high breakeven level. The sum of the call and put option ask price is the breakeven level of this strategy. You only generate profit when the security price has gone up or down more than the breakeven level. If the security price fluctuates within the upside and downside breakeven level, you still loss money. The money that you loss is due to the depreciation of the option time value. This strategy is usually applied for the security, which has high volatility or before the release of the earning report. The maximum loss of this strategy is the total amount of call and put option price. This strategy can generate unlimited profit at either side of the market direction
Strangle is quite similar to straddle. The difference is strangle is established by buying out of the money call and put option. Because both the options are out of the money option, therefore, both options have different strike. The maximum loss of this strategy is less than the straddle strategy, but difference between the upside and downside breakeven level is slightly higher than the straddle strategy. For this strategy, the upside breakeven is calculated by adding the total call and put option prices to the call option strike price. While, the downside breakeven level is calculated by subtracting the put option strike price with the total call and put option prices. The difference between the strike prices usually is about 2.50 or 5 depending to which stock that you select to buy with this strategy. If the security price fluctuates within the upside and downside breakeven level, you still loss the money due to the loss of the option time value. Application of this strategy is the same as the straddle strategy.
Covered call is established by buying a security at the current market ask price and selling out of the money call option. Selling out of the money option has limited the profit that generated from this strategy. If security price continuously goes down, it will cause an unlimited loss. Therefore, stop loss must be set. When the option has comes to its expiry, if the security price is not moving up significantly, you still earn the total option premium that you have received. If the security price goes up, sure you will earn a limited profit. If the stock price continuously goes down, it will cause an unlimited loss. Therefore, stop loss must be set. Usually, stop loss is set at the security ask price after subtracting by the option bid price. If this security price goes down and passes over the price that you set as stop loss, the loss that is incurred to you is about half of the total option premium that you have received. This is because the delta value of the out of the money call option that you have sold is about 0.4 - 0.5. The out of the money call option strike price must be the closest strike price to the entering security price.
Collar is also known as medium covered call. It is quite similar to covered call strategy. It is only added one more step in order that stop loss is unnecessary to be set in this strategy. This strategy is established by buying a security and near the money put option and following selling an out of the money option. Due to the put option that you have bought, it is unnecessary to set a stop loss because put option will protect the security if the security price goes down. However, out of the money option premium that you have collected has to be used to pay for the put option premium. If the security price goes down, you still loss about half of the total put option premium. This is because out of the money call option premium is less than the near the money put option premium. This strategy is for half or one year long term investment.
Condor strategy has four combinations. Two of them are for stationary market and the other two are for dynamic (volatile) market. Long call and put condor are for stationary market whereas short call and put condor are for dynamic market. The former strategy involves four steps that are buying and selling in the money and out of the money call option with an equivalent amount of contract. With this strategy, profit can be generated as long as the security price does not fluctuate out from the upside and downside breakeven level. Short call and put condor are for dynamic market, which also involves four steps like the long call and put condor strategy. The difference is that in short call and put condor, the strike prices of the options that have bought must be within the strike prices of the options that have sold. For short call and put condor strategy, profit can be generated as long as the security price has fluctuated out of the upside and downside breakeven level. The upside breakeven level is calculated by adding the whole position total pay out or receive to the highest strike price in the strategy. The downside breakeven level is calculated by subtracting the whole position total pay or receive to the lowest strike price in the strategy.
Combo strategy has two combinations that are bullish and bearish combo. Bullish combo strategy is for bullish market and the bearish combo strategy is for bearish market. This strategy involves two steps that are buying out of the money option and selling in the money option. If the security price goes up more than the higher strike price, profit can be generated. But if the security price goes down lower than the lower strike price, loss is incurred. If the security price fluctuates within the higher and lower strike price, you won’t loss anything. This strategy can earn an unlimited profit but also will cause an unlimited loss depending to the market direction and also which strategy you have used.
Butterfly spread strategy is quite similar to the condor strategy. It has also four combinations that are long at the money call and put butterfly spread and short at the money call and put butterfly spread. Long at the money call and put butterfly spread are for stationary market and short at the money call and put butterfly spread are for volatile market. Steps that involve in long at the money call butterfly spread are buying in the money and out of the money call option and following selling at the money call option. At the money option means the strike price of this option is quite close to the current market security price. Number of contract of the at the money call option must double the number of contract of in and out of the money option. Profit can be generated as long as the security price does not move out from the upside and downside breakeven range. The upside breakeven level is calculated by adding the total pay out of this position to the highest strike price. The downside breakeven level is calculated by subtracting the lowest strike price with the total pay out of this position. The short at the money call butterfly spread is established by selling in and out of the money call option and following by buying at the money call option. Number of contract of at the money option must be double the number of contract of in and out of the money option. As long as the security price has move out the upside and downside breakeven range, profit can be generated. This strategy generates limited profit and also cause limited loss if the security price does not go to the right direction.
Calendar spread is also known as horizontal or time spread. This strategy is solely used to earn money from the security, which price trades sideway. There are quite number of stocks have this kind of price trend. This strategy is established by selling at the money call or put option, which has a shorter time to expiry and buying at the money call and put option, which has a longer time to expiry. This strategy merely generates the money from the time value of the option. The option that has shorter time to expiry depreciates the time value faster than the option that has longer time to expiry. Usually, the option that has shorter time to expiry is left for expire worthless. The total money that you receive after closing this position will be more than the total money that you have paid out when opening this position.
With these ten strategies, you can use to earn money from upside and downside market and also the market that trades sideway.
